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A key part of the 5G NR system relates to the use of Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). The term “Massive MIMO” relates to an antenna array system using a “Massive” amount of antenna elements that can serve multiple users simultaneously. Typically, the number of antenna elements is 128 or 256. How MIMO can compansate issue in 5G Fr So BW is more in 5G for mmWave , so by increasing mimo loss of penetration can be compansated and mimo increment possible in higher frequency as antenna length became smaller From above formula its clear that Prx is directly proportional to Square of wavelength and Gain of receiver and transmiter . How MIMO Can increase capacity From above shannon hartly theorem there are 3 component can impact Capacity  Increase Channels (MIMO):-Utilizing SM (Spatial Multiplexing) enables multiple streams within the same RB (Resource Block). System requires CSI (Channel State Information) Increase Bandwidth:-Existing frequency spectrum is already sat...

4G Americas have published whitepaper titled "MIMO and Smart Antennas for Mobile Broadband Systems" . The above picture and the following is from that whitepaper Actually MIMO operation is Subset of diffirent Transmission Mode(TM) Below are some terminology used and their meaning  MIMO  :- MIMO is a method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmission and receiving antennas  to exploit multipath propagation ,  it is being  used in Wi-Fi , 3G (HSDPA+) , LTE , LTE-A(4G) MIMO systems are used to improve the robustness of data transmission or to increase data rates. Typically, a MIMO system(MxN) consists of m transmit antennas and n receive antennas SU-MIMO:-  It will provide multiple layers of communications to a handset for increasing of throughput. Each communication layer added to the User will increase the final throughput based on number of layers. Extra layers are been added using extra antennas in space diversit...